Wood-block pavement



H. G. JENNISON.

W000 BLOCK PAVEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 23,1919.

, Patented Nov. 1, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I H. G JENNISUN.

WOOD BLOCK PAVEMEN'I. APPLICATION FILED JULY 23.1919;

Patented Nov. 1, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED smrs s ENT OFFICE.

HARRY G. JENNISON, OF TOLEDO, OHIO.

WOOD-BLOCK PAVEMENT.

Application filed July 23,

T 0 all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, lluuw G. Jnxxrsox. a citizen of the United States of America. residing at Toledo, Lucas county. ()hio. have invented new and useful \Vood-Block Pure ments. of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to flooring or pavements of wood having peculiaradvantages for'adaptability in wide ranges of weathering operations, not only for shrinking, but for expansion.

This invention has utility when incorporated in uniformly shaped impregnated wood paving blocks.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary view in section of a pavement embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a. fragmentary plan view of the pavement of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section showing the anchoring or scaling action of the blocks to the pa voment as herein disclosed;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one otthe blocks;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail view in plan of the spacing means with adjacent ducts or reservoirs in the position as laid;

Fig. 6 shows the spa ing means of Fig. 5 when sul'ijcctcd to slight compression;

Fig. 7 is a more advanced stage of compression of the device of Fig. 5;

Fig. 8 shows the spacing means pushed down into flush position; and

Fig. 9 shows the blocks as subjected to cont action.

The pavement base 1 may. preferably. be of a hard or firm material as concrete con figured for the camber or final curred surlace form of the pavement as desired, but therebclow. Of course, in bridgcwork the foundation may be of wood or timber instead of concrete. as may be hsirablc. in the latter instance. it may be acceptable to coat the timber bridge foundation or flooring with tarrcd paper and over this tarrcd paper place mastic 2 as a coating. This coating 2 may be directly placcd on the coilcrete l and extend fully between the curbs 3 or felly guards.

(lreosoted impregnated wood blocks 4 may he placed in parallel rows extending transversely of the pavement. The blocks of Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 1, 1921.

1919. Serial No. 312.851.

these rows may preferably have the arrhin of the age rings 5 extending length-wise oi the block. The joints between the ends of the blocks are staggered from one row in to the other row as shown in Fig. 2. Furthcrmore. these cud joints of the blocks are spaced by V- or wedge-shaped lugs 6 shown herein as defined on each side by a V-groove 7. This lug G is herein shown as integral and accordingly has the grain of its portion extending in the same direction as the gram of the wood of the block and through fully from the pavement top to the base of the block or coating 2. Owing to the general arching relation of the age rings 5 of the blocks 4, the length of the block is the por tion susceptible to the greater tangential expansion of wood. being about 7% as against a radial expansion of some 4% in long leaf yellow pine even when creosoted.

\Vhilc a crcosotcd block may normally' be construed as an expanded block, under weathering conditions there arise problems involving even additional expansion and this is cared for by the pavement of this disclosure. The V-lug 6 is of such contour as readily to respond to the action of the block 4 in moving toward an adjacent block in closing the joints between two ends of blocks in a common row. It the narrow or pointcd portion of the lug (i does not enter the adjacent block. it may be crushed down by the face of such adjacent block, the nature of this action being due to which of the portions of the wood may be more soft. What may or may not be the extent of exudation of impregnation material due to this crushing action on the lug 6 is rather difficult to Forctcll. llowercr. ig i laboratory o 'icrarions a quick crushing mafi bring about a. slight head or drop 8 of impregnation matcrial. as shown in Fig. 5. while if thiserusln ing bc 'lollowcd up rapidly. this head will slightly enlarge as shown by drop 9 in Fig. 6. A complete crushing of a triangular lug 6 of an area forming an equilateral triangle of it" altitude and brought tocondition flush with the block as shown in Fig. 7 would not expel impregnating material from the block of an area greater than Q; s in. when such compression occurs in a perio of time not exceeding five minutes in laboratory operations when there has been a two stage full cell impregnation of l.2# per cu. ft. In laboratory manipulations, a recovery of the lug, when the pressure is released, occurs almost to full size in the course of less than half an hour when the crushing has been rapid and the release prompt thereafter.

Of course, in actual paving conditions there would be a much greater time interval. However. in practice it has been noted that lugs approximate original form after shrinkage has occurred, which shrinkage has been preceded by lug crushing expansion action of the blocks in the pavement.

The blocks are further provided with means isolating the blocks and for anchoring the blocks against relative movement on the coating 2 of the foundation 1. This means is herein shown as additional lugs ll projecting from the longer side of the block and bounded by grooves T cutting into the face of such longer side of the block 4 and also cutting the longer are age rings 5 of the block 4. These lugs l1. accordingly, are on a side adjacent the lugs ti and as so uniformly arranged upon the oblong blocks of uniform contour etfect a spacing of the transverse rows from each other as well as the blocks from each other in a common row. The lugs 11 may act similarly to the ln s 6 but of course normally would not be en jected to so much strain as the lugs t; on matters of expansion. The grooves T adja cent the lugs ll. however. have additional or rather more etl'ecti ve action over the grooves T adjacent the lugs (3 for these grooves adjacent the lugs 11 in cutting the longer arc age rings 5 in block contraction have a tendency to check as shown by supplemental grooves 12 in Fig. 8. This checking or opening of the block 4 is very slight because it is distributed to occur as herein shown in several places. and as so distributed. the rigid ungrooved side of the block 4 is a firm holding of the block to approximate its normal fulllength condition, thereby maintaining the .position of the block as a complete pavement element with no tendency to disturb the po sition of such element as anchored on the the mastic 2 upon the foundation 1.

In the laying of the pavement the spacing of the blocks as herein disclosed permits an introduction of tiller completely around each block involving connecting or flow portions 13 (Fig. 3) from the supply ducts or reservoirs l-l. by which such tiller is readily introduced to effect a complete anchoring ofthe block 3 to the pavement base coating 2. This portion 14 is accordingly a reserve supply which in the common row of the joints between the blocks may respond to come and go between the blocks for a long period.

At the time of pouring or squeegeeing this filler between the blocks. the ducts or grooves 7 would normally be filled approximately flush with the upper face of the pavement, but this quantity would gradually weather or settle down to heighten the connecting portion 13 and lower the duct or groove portion 14 of the tiller. This lowering may permit the entrance of some road or floor dirt betweenthe blocks in the narrow spacing. Of course, if very coarse material were wedged between the blocks, such would interfere with the expansion take up of the block. l'lowever in practice it has been found that such road dirt or floor material,

this weakening of the lugs for the actual eilective lug area as protruding from the side of the block may be as much as titty per cent. as compared with the same size lug which does not have the adjacent groove.

Accordingly, there is provided by the block of this disclosure a pavement involving a minimum of the use of wood even to shallow block height of 2" with insured spacing for the block and insured anchoring ot' the block in a pavement with a mastic filling involving operative expansion talteup as well as effectual contraction minimizing features.

As has een endeavored to bring out herein due to the anchoring eliectively of the wood blocks to the surfaced base. such blocks may be of minimum height and still hold up against shear from traflic. ln pouring or stplecgecing the tiller which may be considered as hot tar or pitch. this liquid material coming in contact with the lower temperature side walls of the paving blocks at once chills and has a resultant surface tension tending to clog tiller from flow into sealing position. The spacing of the blocks by the lugs 6. 11. in a measure relieves the detrimental action of this surface tension. However, the grooves 7 effectively act even in cold weather in relieving the surface tension of the filler so that the filler may flow to connect with the mastic coating 2 on which the blocks are placed. Affinity or cohesion with the slow flow nature of the substance then takes its course in completing and maintaining the sealing of the block.

Notwithstanding the effective expansion takeup provision in the blocks 4 as provided by end lugs 6 in the laying of a pavement on its foundation it is not inconsistent to provide expansion joints 15 as an additional safeguard which joints may be disgral V-shaped lugs eontiniions with adjoin ing V-sliaped grooves. forming a W in i-rossseetion with a high ventral apex, the grooves on one of the l'ai-esof the llltlt'kh' iiitereepting the art-hing portion of longer are age rings on the blocks.

A. paving hloek having parallel base and wear filt'LS, sides extending therelie tween, and a log on one of said sides pro jei'ting beyond the plane ol' said side and springing from grooves inward from the plane of said side.

Ii. pavement l)ltH'l\' provided with tiller rereiving darts. and liloel; spai'ing means protruding lievond a side of the liloi'k ad jai-ent said duets. said liloek spaeing means extending upward from the liase ol' the ldoi'k to the wear l'aee of the llltlt'h. and said din-ts heing reentraiit into the lillltlv' side and extending parallel with the sparing means.

4. wood paving l)l()tl( eomprising a l)l()('l\' aliiitting tare. a log protruding from said tat-e. and. in addition to the normal pi'oji-i'tion ol' the lug from the side of the liloeli, adjai-eiit reentrant groove ineaiis further redni-ing the resistant-e ol the log.

5. A pavement wood liloek having lateral ltilltl'lll'tlflll dissipating groove n *ans extending as to the apex of the V 'l'tiii\'t' from the liase ol' the l)lU('l\' to the wear-tare ol' the liloi-le said means intereepting the long are age rings of the liloi-lt arching l'i'oin the opp site rigid llilH'k side. and end expansion talie-iip lng means, \\'li(l('ll in asseiii iling said block in a pavement a plastic filler ma v (:oact in the regions of said contraction and expansion means to maintain the block in a sealed held position.

t3. pavement wood block having spacing means for forming a-oint with another lll()(l\', and einhod ving a log defined l) adjai-ent grooves into the block from the side of the liloelt from whieh'the lug ex tends. said grooveshroadeningwtlie base of said lug.

T. wood paving l)lU('l( having a side. liig means on said side protruding there heyond l' r laterallisparing the hloek from an adjaeeiit l)l()tl(. said lag means having identilied as a part thereof a hase of greater ll'tlHSfil't'tl l) than the i'i'osssertion of the lag in the plane of said l)ltJ('l side, said llase lieing deliiled by groove means widening said liig inward from the plane of the liloi'k side.

N. pavement tlliltill j liloek having a side thereof provided with a liloi-k spaeing llig isolated l'i'oin said ldork t'at'e livgrooves. said lug ell'eetive to spaee said ldoek side from an adjaeeiit lll()t'l(. and said grooves taking up shrinkage and providing duets lo the liloi-lt hase from the lilot'k fin-e, an' an additional side of said hloek having a groove isolated liig elteitive to spare said additional side fr m a third liloi'k, whereby ani-horing means eoating said sides may be deposited in the grooves as reserve reservoirs l'or lolly sealing the l)lt)L'l( on different sides in it pavement.

t A pavement hloel; provided with spaciiig means, and in addition thereto and adjaeent thereto. groove forming surface tension relieving means for a l-il'oi-k filling lllllllti tiller.

In witness whereof I allix my signature.

If. H. JICNNIHUN. 

